UNRECOGNIZED ESTATE (ODNODVORTSY OF THE CENTRAL BLACK EARTH REGION IN THE 18th – EARLY 19TH CENTURIES)
Bibliographic record
Abstract
The topic of this work is the estate of the odnodvortcy of the Central Black Earth Region of Russia. Based on the analysis of the laws published in the PSZRI and other sources, the author comes to the conclusion that in the first quarter of the 19th century the odnodvortcy represented a stable community, de facto were a special class. However, due to difficult relations with the ruling nobility, who did not want to see odnodvortcy as competitors in the struggle for land, civil service and other privileges, the government stubbornly refused to recognize them as such. Since the time of Peter the Great, proceeding from class interests, through the publication of discriminatory laws with varying intensity, it pushed the odnodvortcy towards the peasantry. In a bureaucratic way, in spite of the natural process of their development, odnodvortcy were formally ranked among the state peasants. Although, remaining service people, they served in the Landmilitia and other troops, had the right to own peasants and land, and retained their way of life. In the end, odnodvortcy in the era of the Great Reform of 1860 were included into the strata of rural inhabitants. Since the position of the odnodvortcy of the Central Black Earth Region at different times was not the same, depended on the will of the monarchs, for a better understanding of the problem different periods in their evolution were identified.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.002 | 0.002 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.002 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.002 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.004 | 0.001 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".