Facile metal organic framework composites as photocatalysts for lone/simultaneous photodegradation of naproxen, ibuprofen and methyl orange
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Pharmaceuticals and dyes are known to have endocrine disrupting effects in humans and aquatic animals. As a result of inefficient removal of these micropollutants from wastewater, they have been detected in potable water supplies. In this work, photocatalysts were prepared by incorporating TiO2 and ZnO into the framework of the MOF, MIL-53(Al), and were used in photodegradation studies of single and binary mixtures of naproxen, ibuprofen and methyl orange. The photocatalyst composites, MIL-53(Al)@TiO2 and MIL-53(Al)@ZnO, were characterized by XRD, FTIR, BET and FE-SEM, which confirmed attachment of TiO2 and ZnO nanoparticles to MIL-53(Al). DRS revealed direct optical band gaps of MIL-53(Al)@TiO2 and MIL-53(Al)@ZnO to be 3.34 eV and 3.24 eV, respectively. Uncoated MIL-53(Al) showed greatest photodegradation efficiency for naproxen (89.5%), closely followed by MIL-53(Al)@TiO2 (80.3%) and MIL-53(Al)@ZnO (76.6%). Uncoated MIL-53(Al) was also efficient at degrading ibuprofen from single and binary micropollutant systems, with MIL-53(Al)@ZnO performing better than MIL-53(Al)@TiO2 in both systems. MIL-53(Al)@ZnO was the only photocatalyst that was able to degrade methyl orange in both systems. It was established that a 3:1 ratio of naproxen (mg/L) to MIL-53(Al)@TiO2(mg) was optimum for photodegradation, while for ibuprofen and methyl orange in single and binary systems, a 2:1 ratio of total micropollutant (mg/L) to MIL-53(Al)@ZnO (mg) gave the best degradation performance. The photodegradations kinetics were investigated and fitted to zero and pseudo-first/second order models. Recyclability of MIL-53(Al)@TiO2 for three consecutive photodegradation cycles showed a decrease of only 13.6% in photodegradation efficiency. Experiments conducted with scavengers showed that hydroxyl radicals played a major role in the photocatalytic process photodegradation, and it was found that only 1 h of treatment was sufficient to obtain a considerable COD reduction of 58%. This study provides a promising strategy for uniform MOF loading into ZnO and TiO2 for binary pharmaceutical and dye wastewater photodegradation treatment.
Fetched live from OpenAlex and de-inverted. Abstracts are not stored in this database: the inverted indexes are 8.6 GB of the frame’s 9.3 GB of text, and the host has 13 GB free.
How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".