High ionic conductivity of ultralow yttria concentration yttria-stabilized zirconia thin films
Bibliographic record
Abstract
This paper investigates the ionic conductivity of ultralow yttria concentration (<2 mol. %) yttria-stabilized-zirconia (YSZ) thin films synthesized by atomic layer deposition (ALD). With our ALD recipe, yttria is homogeneously distributed among zirconia, and its concentration is controlled by the pulse time of the yttrium precursor. High conductivity values are observed at test temperatures (400, 500, and 600 °C). 1.6YSZ exhibits a conductivity of 0.02 S cm−1 at 600 °C and an activation energy of 0.98 eV. In order to relate the electrical property, atomic force microscope and x-ray diffraction are used to study the crystallinity and microstructure. The true size effect is considered to be responsible for the outstanding electrical property. Finally, the effects of YSZ thin film thickness and annealing process on their conductivities are studied. The true size effect is weakened by an increase in grain size from annealing or higher thickness, leading to reduced ionic conductivities.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.004 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.002 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.001 | 0.002 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.002 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.002 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".