Electrolytic Methane Production from Reactive Carbon Solutions
Why this work is in the frame
A frame that forgets how it found something cannot be audited. These are the routes that admitted this work.
Bibliographic record
Abstract
We report an electrochemical reactor that converts 3.0 M KHCO3 into methane at the cathode, and oxidizes water at the anode. The molar ratio of methane product to unreacted CO2 gas (defined herein as “methane yield”) was measured to be 34% at a partial current density of 120 mA cm–2. The highest previously reported CO2-to-methane yield is 3%. Our reactor achieved this improvement in methane yield because it is fed with 3.0 M KHCO3, a type of reactive carbon solution, rather than gaseous CO2. The reactor uses H+ delivered by a bipolar membrane to form CO2 at the cathode. This CO2 is subsequently reduced into methane. A cationic surfactant added to the catholyte suppressed hydrogen evolution and increased methane formation. A 1D continuum model confirmed that H+ from the membrane promotes the formation of methane over multicarbon products at the cathode. These findings present design principles for electrochemical methane synthesis.
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Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from it