Profilometric, volumetric, and esthetic analysis of guided bone regeneration with L‐shaped collagenated bone substitute and connective tissue graft in the maxillary esthetic zone: A case series with 1‐year observational study
Bibliographic record
Abstract
PURPOSE: The aim of this study was to evaluate 1-year stability and maintenance of peri-implant soft and hard tissues after guided bone regeneration (GBR) with L-shaped collagenated bone substitute and subepithelial connective tissue graft (CTG) in the maxillary anterior region using profilometric, volumetric, and esthetic analyses. METHODS: Fourteen peri-implant defects were grafted with L-shaped collagenated bone substitute, and 5 months after implant placement with GBR, reentry surgery in combination with CTG was performed in all participants. CBCT scans and STL files were acquired at baseline (after implant surgery, T1), reentry surgery (T2), and 1-year follow-up (T3). The profilometric and volumetric changes of the peri-implant tissues were measured, and the pink esthetic score (PES) was assessed at T3. RESULTS: One year after GBR and CTG at the buccal aspect of the maxillary esthetic zone, the mean thickness of the hard tissue (HT) decreased (HT0: -0.87 ± 0.67 mm, HT1: -0.74 ± 0.75 mm, HT2: -0.92 ± 0.48 mm, 45-HT: -0.87 ± 0.73 mm) and the corresponding thickness of the soft tissue (ST) increased (ST0: 0.96 ± 1.06 mm, ST1: 0.85 ± 0.95 mm, ST2: 0.38 ± 0.82 mm, 45-ST: 0.12 ± 0.62 mm), and as a result, there was no statistically significant difference in the total tissue thickness between T1 and T3 (p < 0.05). The mean volumetric changes of the peri-implant tissues increased after 1-year of implant surgery (T1-T2: 1.52 ± 0.83 mm, T2-T3: -0.88 ± 1.04 mm, T1-T3: 0.64 ± 0.90 mm), and a statistically significant difference was shown in all compared time periods (p < 0.05). The mean PES score was 8.07 ± 1.54 at T3 (range, 6-10). CONCLUSION: Within the limitations of this 1-year follow-up study, GBR with an L-shaped collagenated bone substitute and subepithelial CTG in the maxillary esthetic zone was beneficial for stable and maintainable peri-implant hard and soft tissues.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.002 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".