Bibliographic record
Abstract
Photoconductivity is defined, and the importance of electrical contacts are highlighted by examining the origin of the dark current flowing through a photoconductor. The Shockley–Ramo theorem is explained and the photoconductive gain and the necessary prerequisites for its manifestation are discussed. Major recombination kinetics are addressed, including the Shockley–Read–Hall statistics, Simmons–Taylor formulation, and Langevin recombination, and their main features are highlighted. Photoconductivity experiments have been extensively used by numerous researchers to characterize various semiconductor materials. Principles of steady-state and modulated photoconductivity (frequency-resolved photoconductivity) are introduced along with their main features in extracting material characteristics such as the density of states in the bandgap. The effects of traps on transient photoconductivity and modulated photoconductivity are discussed in simple terms and extended to include the Taylor–Simmons formulation. The phase and the amplitude of the modulated photocurrent are explained in relation to the density of states in the bandgap. Major noise sources in a photoconductor are described and the importance of generation–recombination and flicker noise are highlighted. Particular attention is given to noise in a-Si:H films and its dependence on doping.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.002 | 0.002 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.001 | 0.003 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.002 | 0.003 |
| Open science | 0.002 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.002 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.004 | 0.002 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".