Effects of developing ice covers on bridge pier scour
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Current research investigating ice-covered bridge pier scour has focused on the effects of fully developed ice jams. However, based on observationsat various stages of development, ice covers are not always fully developed. This experiment investigated pier scour at various stages of a simulatedfloating ice jam’s development, with a constant flow rate. Various channel-spanning ice cover lengths were tested, along with one circular localizedcover, and resulting pier scour was compared to free-surface flow pier scour. Five lengths of downstream initiated ice covers were tested, withlengths upstream of the pier being 0, 0.63, 1.33, 2.66 and 5.32 m. The local cover’s diameter was 0.27 m, three times the pier diameter. The 2.66-mice cover produced the greatest scour and near-bed Reynold stress, with greater scour depth and volume, respectively, by 46.9% and 238% comparedto free-surface flow conditions, whereas the local cover produced the smallest scour increase.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.002 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.002 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".