Conservative hyperbolic droplet solver for aircraft icing
Bibliographic record
Abstract
View Video Presentation: https://doi.org/10.2514/6.2022-3369.vid This paper joins two different methods from the literature to obtain a second-order finite volume convective scheme for computing the Eulerian two-phase flows composed of air and small water droplets. The work examines the numerical solution for the various numerical instabilities as well as zero and negative values met in several numerical application cases from the literature for the water to air volume fraction. The numerical problems are due to the non-strictly hyperbolic nature of the Eulerian droplet equations along with the scheme used. A term similar to the particle pressure is proposed to modify the problem from a weakly to a strictly hyperbolic one. A modified Harten-Lax-van Leer-Contact convective scheme is used on the modified hyperbolic equations. Results with the new scheme are presented on 2D and 2.5D test problems as a verification. The proposed HLLC scheme improves on a classical upwind scheme for the single and three-element airfoil cases examined
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.012 | 0.002 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".