Validity of Estimated Cardiorespiratory Fitness in Patients With Primary Breast Cancer
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Estimated peak oxygen consumption (Vo2peak) is widely used in oncology; however, estimated Vo2peak equations were developed in noncancer settings. The aim of this study was to evaluate the validity of estimated Vo2peak in women with primary breast cancer and to develop oncology-specific estimated Vo2peak equations. Vo2peak was directly measured (TrueOne 2400, Parvo Medics) during 380 cardiopulmonary exercise tests in women previously treated for breast cancer (mean age: 59 ± 10 years; 3.1 ± 1.2 years post-therapy). The American College of Sports Medicine (ACSM), the Fitness Registry and the Importance of Exercise National Database (FRIEND), and heart failure (HF)-FRIEND equations were used to estimate Vo2peak. New equations were developed using patient and peak (Oncpeak) or submaximal (Oncsub) exercise test characteristics. The median differences between measured and estimated Vo2peak were 7.0 mL O2·kg−1·min−1, 3.9 mL O2·kg−1·min−1, and −0.2 mL O2·kg−1·min−1 for ACSM, FRIEND, and HF-FRIEND, respectively. The number of estimated Vo2peak values within ±3.5 mL O2·kg−1·min−1 of the measured values was 70 (18%), 164 (43%), and 306 (81%) for ACSM, FRIEND, and HF-FRIEND, respectively. The Oncpeak and OncSub models included body mass index, age, a history of chemotherapy or radiation, the peak measured heart rate, and the treadmill grade and/or speed. The median differences between measured and estimated Vo2peak were 0.02 mL O2·kg−1·min−1 (Oncpeak) and −0.2 mL O2·kg−1·min−1 (Oncsub). Eighty-six percent (n = 325) and 76% (n = 283) estimated Vo2peak values were within ±3.5 mL O2·kg−1·min−1 of the measured Vo2peak values for Oncpeak and Oncsub, respectively. HF-FRIEND or oncology-specific equations could be applied to estimate Vo2peak in patients previously treated for breast cancer in settings where cardiopulmonary exercise tests are not available. (Trial Comparing the Effects of Linear Versus Nonlinear Aerobic Training in Women With Operable Breast Cancer [EXCITE]; NCT01186367
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.003 | 0.024 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".