GP.4 The epilepsy surgery experience in children with infantile spasms at a tertiary care centre in Canada
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Background: Infantile spasms (IS) is an epileptic encephalopathy, characterized by spasms, hypsarrhythmia, and developmental regression. This is a retrospective case series of children with IS who underwent epilepsy surgery at The Hospital for Sick Children (HSC) in Toronto, Canada. Methods: The records of 223 patients seen in the IS clinic were reviewed. Results: Nineteen patients met inclusion criteria. The etiology of IS was encephalomalacia in six patients (32%), malformations of cortical development in 11 patients (58%), atypical hypoglycaemic injury in one patient (5%), and partial hemimegalencephaly in one patient (5%). Nine patients (47%) underwent hemispherectomy and 10 patients (53%) underwent lobectomy/lesionectomy. Three patients (16%) underwent a second epilepsy surgery. Fifteen patients (79%) were considered ILAE Seizure Outcome Class 1 (completely seizure free; no auras). The percentage of patients who were ILAE Class 1 at most recent follow-up decreased with increasing duration of epilepsy prior to surgery. Developmental outcome was improved in 14/19 (74%) and stable in 5/19 (26%) patients. Conclusions: Our study found excellent seizure freedom rates and improved developmental outcomes following epilepsy surgery in patients with a history of IS with a structural lesion detected on MRI brain.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.002 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.004 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".