Elevated regional cerebral blood flow in adults with 22q11.2 deletion syndrome
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Objectives Recurrent chromosome 22q11.2 deletions cause 22q11 deletion syndrome (22q11DS), a multisystem disorder associated with high rates of schizophrenia. Neuroanatomical changes on brain MRI have been reported in relation to 22q11DS. However, to date no 22q11DS neuroimaging studies have examined cerebral blood flow (CBF). This exploratory case-control study seeks to identify differences in regional cerebral blood flow between 22q11DS subjects and controls, and their association with psychotic symptoms.Methods This study of 23 adults used arterial spin labelling MRI to investigate voxel-wise CBF in 22q11DS individuals compared with age- and sex-matched healthy controls.Results Four significant clusters, involving the right and left putamen, right fusiform gyrus and left middle temporal gyrus, delineated significantly elevated CBF in individuals with 22q11DS compared to controls. Post-hoc analysis determined that this elevation in CBF trended with psychotic symptom diagnosis within the 22q11DS group.Conclusions These findings suggest possible relevance to schizophrenia risk and support further functional neuroimaging studies of 22q11DS with larger sample sizes to improve our understanding of the underlying pathophysiology.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".