TREMATODES INFECTING DUCKS OF GENUS AYTHYA BOIE, 1822 (ANSERIFORMES: ANATIDAE) IN SINDH, PAKISTAN
Bibliographic record
Abstract
The present study covers a part of the trematode diversity in a variety of ducks migratory birds mainly including pochards found in the water bodies of Sindh, Pakistan. In the present study, the birds were collected from different water bodies using the mist nest with the help of local bird catchers. Birds were dissected for their helminthes. The treaded parasites were processed for permanent mounting in Canada balsam and for further microscopic examination. In total, 70 birds belonging to three species of pochards of Genus Aythya (Anatidae: Anseriformes), A. ferina, A. fuligula and A. nyroca were collected from different water bodies during 2019-2020. The results showed five species of digenean trematodes including Psilochasmus singhi Jaiswal and Humayun, 1971, Psilochasmus oxyurus (Creplin, 1825), Catatropis pakistanensis Shafi et al., 1982, Echinochasmus amphibolus Kotlan, 1922 and Notocotylus attenutus (Rudolphi, 1809). All species were identified on the basis of their generic and specific characters including, body shape and size, position of oral sucker, cirrus pouch, genital pore, cecca, number of uterine loops, shape position of testes and ovaries. This is the first parasitological study on trematodes infecting the genus Aythya from Sindh, Pakistan.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".