Bibliographic record
Abstract
Since its invention in 2003, electronic cigarettes’ (EC) users have been growing worldwide. ECs were first introduced in the market in Canada in 2004, and they remained illegal until 2018. ECs were initially marketed as a safer and cleaner alternative for the traditional combustible smoking and smoking cessation measures. Statistics show that EC use prevalence is the highest among the youths (15–19) and adolescents (20–24) years of age. EC has to promote cessation as it supplies nicotine to smokers prevent nicotine withdrawal syndrome and reduce motivation to continue smoking. EC use becomes a gateway to tobacco use and nicotine addiction. Nicotine exposure to youth and adolescents can damage the developing brain. EC use is also associated with an increased heart attack rate and other health problems. There are various reasons for using ECs, such as curiosity, quitting combustible smoking, or cutting down the number of cigarette use. Many people start ECs use before the age of 19 years. Majority of vapers like fruit flavor. Dual combustible cigarette smoking and EC use is a burning issue globally, including in Canada.
Fetched live from OpenAlex and de-inverted. Abstracts are not stored in this database: the inverted indexes are 8.6 GB of the frame’s 9.3 GB of text, and the host has 13 GB free.
How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".