Permeability Matters When Reducing CO<sub>2</sub> in an Electrochemical Flow Cell
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Bibliographic record
Abstract
The highest performing cathodes for CO2 electrolyzers are porous and exhibit high specific surface areas that serve to increase the density of CO2 reduction catalyst sites. While porous electrodes increase CO2 reduction activity, their high surface area can negatively impact the mass transport of products and reactants at high current densities (i.e., >100 mA cm–2). We demonstrate here the trade-off between the density of CO2 reduction catalyst sites (specific surface area) and mass transport (permeability) for porous electrodes used for mediating the conversion of KHCO3(aq) into CO(g) in an electrolyzer. This demonstration relied on porous electrodes containing a silver electrocatalyst deposited on carbon fibers of varying fiber diameters (0.5, 1, and 10 μm). Porous electrodes with the intermediate specific surface areas (fiber diameter = 1 μm) yielded the highest CO formation rates. This result shows that permeability should be considered when designing porous electrodes for CO2 electrolysis.
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Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from it