Electron emission from water vapor under the impact of 250-keV protons
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Absolute double differential cross sections (DDCS) of low-energy electron emission from water molecule were measured upon collisions with 250-keV protons for emission angles between 30--150 degrees. The electrons having energies between 1 and 600 eV were detected by using hemispherical electrostatic analyzer. The single differential (SDCS) and total cross section (TCS) were calculated by integrating the DDCS and SDCS, respectively. The measured DDCS, SDCS, and TCS were compared with the classical trajectory Monte Carlo (CTMC) model, using a dynamical approach in which a time-dependent screening is considered. The continuum-distorted-wave eikonal-initial state (CDW-EIS) theoretical model has also been used to explain the energy and angular distribution data. The angular distribution of the DDCS are very well reproduced by the CTMC approach. The TCS calculated by the CTMC model matches better with the measured values as compared to the CDW-EIS estimation. The forward-backward angular asymmetry parameter was also estimated to test the validity of the state-of-the-art theoretical models used. Finally the recently developed CDW-EIS calculations considering a residual target dynamic charge (DC-CDW-EIS) is shown to provide an improved agreement with the experiments compared to the CDW-EIS. The present data and interpretation should provide inputs towards energy loss calculations required for the radiobiology involved in the hadron therapy of cancer.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.002 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".