Magnetohydrodynamic Natural Convection of In-Ga-Sn Alloy in a Horizontal Concentric Annulus with Internal Fins
Bibliographic record
Abstract
The use of low melting point liquid metals in the thermal management of various systems has seen a recent increase in popularity with the increasing power of commercial CPUs. Natural convection in concentric annuli has also been a popular topic in the literature for decades due to the applications in nanotechnology and energy storage systems. In this study, numerical simulations are performed to investigate magnetohydrodynamic natural convection heat transfer in a horizontal concentric annulus with internal straight, Y-shapes, and T-shaped fins approximated as thin layers. A mix of transient and steady state simulations are conducted using COMSOL Multiphysics with constant temperature boundary conditions to generate laminar natural convection profiles in the enclosure filled with a eutectic In-Ga-Sn alloy. The average Nusselt number (Nu) at the outer boundary is calculated to compare all simulation results. The Rayleigh number (Ra) is varied to investigate the stability of the flow profile over time, first without fins and then with straight fins. The three fin geometries are then compared at various Ra values to gauge their relative performance, and lastly the magnetic field is implemented at constant Ra for various Hartmann numbers (Ha). The fins are found to increase the stability of the flow profile over time, while the Y-shaped fins increase Nu by up to 318.7% compared to no fins at Ra = 10 4 . The magnetic field forces more even heat dissipation through the enclosure, and at Ha = 20, Nu increases by a further 78.1% for the Y-shaped fins at Ra = 10 4 .
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".