Optimizing the Service Network Design Problem for Railroad Intermodal Transportation of Hazardous Materials
Bibliographic record
Abstract
The service network design problem is one of the key problems in the field of railroad intermodal transportation of hazardous materials (hazmat). It lies in determining the frequency of the trains and the allocation of both hazardous and ordinary shipments to these trains, as well as the railroad connecting plan of all shipments based on the established train formation plan. Based on a unified method, we build a multiobjective mixed-integer linear-programming model that comprehensively considers both hazardous and ordinary materials, the compatibility of goods and services, the capacity of the transfer station, and the delivery time limit of each shipment. An augmented ε-constraint algorithm is customized to solve the model. Computational results of a practical example in China show that an increase of 8.4 million yuan in the total cost could reduce nearly 24541 the total risk. Moreover, the algorithms comparison and sensitivity analysis indicate that the augmented ε-constraint algorithm is a more suitable approach to handle the model because of its advantage in the uniqueness of distinct nondominated solutions. Finally, the sensitivity analysis shows that the total cost and risk could simultaneously be reduced if the delivery time limit is relaxed or if the transfer time is shortened.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.004 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".