Data Acquisition and Preparation for Dual-Reference Deep Learning of Image Super-Resolution
Bibliographic record
Abstract
The performance of deep learning based image super-resolution (SR) methods depend on how accurately the paired low and high resolution images for training characterize the sampling process of real cameras. Low and high resolution (LR ∼ HR) image pairs synthesized by degradation models (e.g., bicubic downsampling) deviate from those in reality; thus the synthetically-trained DCNN SR models work disappointingly when being applied to real-world images. To address this issue, we propose a novel data acquisition process to shoot a large set of LR ∼ HR image pairs using real cameras. The images are displayed on an ultra-high quality screen and captured at different resolutions. The resulting LR ∼ HR image pairs can be aligned at very high sub-pixel precision by a novel spatial-frequency dual-domain registration method, and hence they provide more appropriate training data for the learning task of super-resolution. Moreover, the captured HR image and the original digital image offer dual references to strengthen supervised learning. Experimental results show that training a super-resolution DCNN by our LR ∼ HR dataset achieves higher image quality than training it by other datasets in the literature. Moreover, the proposed screen-capturing data collection process can be automated; it can be carried out for any target camera with ease and low cost, offering a practical way of tailoring the training of a DCNN SR model separately to each of the given cameras.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.002 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.002 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.010 | 0.004 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".