Optogenetic reduction of theta oscillations reveals that a single reliable time cell sequence is not required for working memory
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Abstract In a delayed alternation spatial working memory task, hippocampal time cells fire during specific moments of the delay period to form a stable, sequential representation of the entire delay interval. The causal relationship between these sequences and working memory remains unclear. Similarly, hippocampal theta oscillations are thought to support working memory, primarily through the generation of time cell sequences. To causally examine these relationships, we optogenetically silenced the medial septal GABAergic theta-generating circuit during the delay portion of a delayed spatial alternation task. Without hippocampal theta oscillations, many time cells exhibited remapping, new time cells were recruited, and time cell information was increased; collectively resulting in a new time cell sequence during the delay period. Despite this remapping of time cells on random selection of theta-reduced trials, behavioral performance was unimpaired, demonstrating that working memory is not dependent on a single or unique time cell sequence during the delay period.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".