Les investissements directs étrangers au Canada : des débats qui ont forgé l’histoire économique canadienne
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Les motivations et les objectifs qui configurent les actions d’un État reposent sur un ensemble de variables, parfois instituées par la conjonction d’idées et de débats. Le cas de l’investissement direct étranger au Canada présente à cet égard un intérêt particulier en raison des nombreux débats qui se sont succédés. Cet article propose de les revoir sous forme chronologique, de la Politique nationale jusqu’à aujourd’hui. Un accent spécifique est mis sur l’évolution des idées et motivations de l’État canadien vis-à-vis des firmes multinationales étrangères. Les objectifs économiques fondamentaux poursuivis par le gouvernement seront ainsi distingués des idées sur les moyens pour les atteindre. Cette longue traversée permet de mieux comprendre non seulement les enjeux des différents débats, mais aussi les interrelations entre ceux-ci et l’impact de certaines idées sur les institutions économiques canadiennes.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.002 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.003 | 0.004 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.006 | 0.005 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.006 | 0.002 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.002 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.002 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.009 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".