Bone Strength in Medieval Denmark
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Objectives: The aim of the current study was to understand the transition in lower limb loading and terrestrial mobility during the urbanization revolution in medieval Denmark. This was accomplished by comparing the cross-sectional geometric properties of the femora from two populations, the rural cemetery of Tirup and the urban Black Friars cemetery.Materials and Methods: Using two skeletal samples, the rural cemetery of Tirup, Jutland (1150-1350A.D.), and the urban Black Friars cemetery, Funen (1240-1607 A.D.), cross-sectional geometric properties of the right femora were examined. The cross-sectional geometric properties of adult long bones are reflections of in-vivo loading. General patterns of relative mechanical loading during life can be interpreted by calculating thecross-sectional geometric properties of a long bone’s diaphysis. Compressive and tensile rigidity and strength (CA), maximum and minimum bending rigidity (Imin, Imax), torsional rigidity (J), bending rigidity along the anteroposterior and mediolateral axes (Ix, Iy), and diaphyseal shape (Imax/Imin; Ix/Iy) at the femoral midshaft were calculated from 104 CT scans, 48 from Tirup (32 males, 16 females) and 56 from Black Friars (38 males, 18 females).Results: The results indicate significantly greater robusticity among the Black Friars sample for both males and females.Discussion: In opposition to the prevalent understanding of physicality in medieval communities, the resultssuggest that lower-limb loading (and inferred terrestrial mobility) was greater in the urban setting. Cemetery makeup and population variation between the samples cannot, however, be discounted.
 
 Objectifs: L’objectif de la présente étude était de comprendre la transition entre la charge des membres inférieurs et la mobilité terrestre au cours de la révolution de l’urbanisation au Danemark médiéval. Ceci a été accompli en comparant les propriétés géométriques en coupe transversale des fémurs de deux populations, le cimetière rural de Tirup et le cimetière urbain Black Friars.
 Matériaux et méthodes: À l’aide de deux échantillons squelettiques, le cimetière rural de Tirup, Jutland (1150-1350 A.D.) et le cimetière urbain Black Friars, Funen (1240-1607 A.D.), les propriétés géométriques en coupe transversale du fémur droit ont été examinées. Les propriétés géométriques en coupe transversale des os longs adultes sont le reflet de la charge in vivo. Les modèles généraux de charge mécanique relative au cours de la vie peuvent être interprétés en calculant les propriétés géométriques en coupe transversale de la diaphyse d’un os long. Rigidité et résistance à la compression et à la traction (CA), rigidité maximale et minimale en flexion (Imin, Imax), rigidité en torsion (J), rigidité en flexion le long des axes antéropostérieur et médiolatéral (Ix, Iy) et forme diaphysaire (Imax/Imin; Ix /Iy) au niveau de la diaphyse fémorale ont été calculés à partir de 104 tomodensitogrammes, 48 de Tirup (32 mâles, 16 femelles) et 56 de Black Friars (38 mâles, 18 femelles).Résultats: Les résultats indiquent une robustesse significativement plus grande parmi l’échantillon de BlackFriars pour les hommes et les femmes.Discussion: Contrairement à la compréhension répandue de la physicalité dans les communautés médiévales, les résultats suggèrent que la charge des membres inférieurs (et la mobilité terrestre inférée) était plus importante en milieu urbain. La composition des cimetières et la variation de la population entre les échantillons ne peuvent cependant pas être ignorées.
Fetched live from OpenAlex and de-inverted. Abstracts are not stored in this database: the inverted indexes are 8.6 GB of the frame’s 9.3 GB of text, and the host has 13 GB free.
How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.028 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.031 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".