A negative effect of poorly controlled diabetes mellitus on the treatment of Parkinson’s disease
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Objective: Converging evidence ranging from basic pathophysiology to epidemiological and clinical data has described a potential relationship between Parkinson’s disease (PD) and diabetes mellitus (DM). This study aimed to explore the effect of sugar control on the treatment of motor manifestations in PD. Methods: A total of 124 de novo PD patients were included in the study. The participants were classified into three groups, non-DM (n = 45), well-controlled (n = 41) and less-controlled DM (n = 38), based on the glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c) cut-off value of 7.0. Clinical parameters including Unified Parkinson’s Disease Rating Scale (UPDRS), Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE), and Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA) were evaluated serial twice apart from 1 year. Results: The less-controlled DM group revealed significantly lesser improvement in UPDRS III (baseline to follow-up, 38.1 ± 9.6 to 29.9 ± 7.8; p < 0.001) than those of either non-DM (36.6 ± 8.9 to 22.9 ± 5.7) and well-controlled group (37.0 ± 8.8 to 24.0 ± 6.0) after standard PD treatment for 1 year. A higher HbA1c was correlated with a lesser decline of UPDRS III (b, 0.47; p < 0.001) among PD with DM population. Less-controlled DM effectively predicted a lesser decline of UPDRS III (b = + 5.426; p < 0.001). Conclusions: Our results demonstrated a potential negative effect of sub-optimally controlled blood sugar on treating motor manifestations of PD. Careful glucose management might be a beneficial strategy to improve the burden of motor symptoms in PD who have coexisting DM.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".