Seepage Problem Through the Foundation of a Spillway with Selected Treatment Methods
Why this work is in the frame
A frame that forgets how it found something cannot be audited. These are the routes that admitted this work.
Bibliographic record
Abstract
One of the main concerns for engineers, during operation of dams, is uncontrolled seepage though the foundations of dams and hydraulic structures which is mainly resulted from poor geological conditions and lead to undermine erosion or piping that may endanger the safety of dam. In this study, numerical models were utilized to evaluate the excessive seepage problem underneath the spillway of Horan 2 Dam in Iraq as the seepage have led to dissipate storge and malfunction the dam. Two treatment methods were proposed to reduce the quantity of seepage by using a cutoff wall and a clay blanket. The results of the models indicated that the foundation of the spillway was unsafe against piping, as the calculated factor of safety was less than the allowable value. A clay blanket of 6 m long is recommended to sufficiently reduce the quantity of seepage and maintain the factor of safety within the allowable limits. As the cut off wall and clay blanket were used, the quantity of seepage decreased up to 73% and 96%, respectively, and the safety factor increased up to 100% and 110%, respectively. As discussed herein, using a clay blanket is the most cost-effective method comparing to using a cutoff wall.
Fetched live from OpenAlex and de-inverted. Abstracts are not stored in this database: the inverted indexes are 8.6 GB of the frame’s 9.3 GB of text, and the host has 13 GB free.
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from it