An unusual tandem kinase fusion protein confers leaf rust resistance in wheat
Why this work is in the frame
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Bibliographic record
Abstract
<title>Abstract</title> The introgression of chromosome segments from wild relatives is an established strategy to enrich crop germplasm with novel disease resistance genes. Here, we use mutagenesis and transcriptome sequencing to clone the leaf rust resistance gene <italic>Lr9,</italic> which was introduced into bread wheat from the wild grass species <italic>Aegilops umbellulata</italic>. We establish that <italic>Lr9</italic> encodes an unusual tandem kinase fusion protein. Long-read sequencing of a wheat <italic>Lr9</italic> introgression line and the putative <italic>Ae. umbellulata</italic> <italic>Lr9</italic> donor enabled us to assemble the ~28.4-Mb <italic>Lr9</italic> translocation and to identify the translocation breakpoint. We likewise cloned <italic>Lr58</italic>, which was reportedly introgressed from <italic>Ae. triuncialis</italic>, but has an identical coding sequence compared to <italic>Lr9</italic>. Cytogenetic and haplotype analyses corroborate that the two genes originate from the same translocation event. Our work sheds light on the emerging role of kinase fusion proteins in wheat disease resistance, expanding the repertoire of disease resistance genes for breeding.
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Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.002 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.002 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.002 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from it