Ephemeral Amphiphilic Polyamines that Evaporate When Triggered─Implications for the Fabrication of Electronic Inks
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Without surfactants, nanomaterials tend to be aggregated in the liquid state. However, the presence of surfactants in the solid state can negatively impact the mechanical, electronic, and optical properties of the nanomaterial. Here, we have explored the design of an ephemeral surfactant, that is to say a surfactant, which is stable in solution but can be depolymerized in the solid phase and then be evaporated. The reaction of glyoxal with a 1,3-diamine leads to an unprecedented ladder polyamine (LPA), which depolymerizes into evaporable monomers as soon as it is in contact with acid. These LPA oligomers were found to be amphiphilic and could be used to stabilize a dispersion of polymer nanoparticles (NPs) in water. Once dipped in a slightly acidic solution, the dried polymer film was found to be devoid of the LPA surfactant. This concept was used to fabricate an electronic ink based on multiwalled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) whereby the LPA depolymerization was triggered by a photoacid generator. After applying the ink on a glass substrate, the conductivity of the MWCNT films was low, due to the charge transfer resistance created by the interfacial surfactant. Once exposed to light, the surfactant depolymerized and evaporated, and the film recovered its native conductivity. We envision that these ephemeral surfactants could become useful assets in the fabrication of electronic inks.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".