Outline and divergence time of subkingdom Mucoromyceta: two new phyla, five new orders, six new families and seventy-three new species
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Abstract Zygomycetes are phylogenetically early diverged, ecologically diverse, industrially valuable, agriculturally beneficial, and clinically pathogenic fungi. Although new phyla and subphyla have been constantly established to accommodate specific members and a subkingdom, Mucoromyceta, was erected to unite core zygomycetous fungi, their phylogenetic relationships have not been well resolved. Taking account of the information of monophyly and divergence time estimated from ITS and LSU rDNA sequences, the present study updates the classification framework of the subkingdom Mucoromyceta from the phylum down to the generic rank: six phyla (including two new phyla Endogonomycota and Umbelopsidomycota), eight classes, 15 orders (including five new orders Claroideoglomerales, Cunninghamellales, Lentamycetales, Phycomycetales and Syncephalastrales), 41 families (including six new families Circinellaceae, Gongronellaceae, Protomycocladaceae, Rhizomucoraceae, Syzygitaceae and Thermomucoraceae), and 121 genera. The taxonomic hierarchy was calibrated with estimated divergence times: phyla 810–639 Mya, classes 651–585 Mya, orders 570–400 Mya, and families 488–107 Mya. Along with this outline, 71 genera are annotated and 73 new species are described. In addition, three new combinations are proposed. In this paper, we update the taxonomic backbone of the subkingdom Mucoromyceta and reinforce its phylogeny. We also contribute numerous new taxa and enrich the diversity of Mucoromyceta.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.002 | 0.002 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.002 | 0.001 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".