Phase Behavior and Physical Properties of Dimethyl Ether/CO2/Water/Heavy Oil Systems under Reservoir Conditions
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Summary In this paper, techniques have been developed to quantify phase behavior and physical properties including phase boundaries, swelling factors (SFs), and phase volumes for reservoir fluids containing polar components from both experimental and theoretical aspects. Experimentally, a total of seven pressure-volume-temperature (PVT) experiments, including one set of dimethyl ether (DME)/heavy oil system, one set of DME/water/heavy oil system, three sets of DME/CO2/heavy oil systems, and two sets of DME/CO2/water/heavy oil systems, have been carried out to measure saturation pressures, phase volumes, and SFs by using a versatile PVT setup. Theoretically, the modified Peng-Robinson equation of state (PR EOS) incorporated with the Huron-Vidal (HV) mixing rule and the Péneloux volume-translation strategy is used as the thermodynamic model to perform phase equilibrium calculations. Once validated with the measured phase compositions of DME/water mixtures collected from the literature, the theoretical model developed in this work is used to reproduce the experimental measurements for the aforementioned reservoir fluids. It is observed that the saturation pressures of DME/CO2/water/heavy oil mixtures are higher than those of DME/CO2/heavy oil mixtures at the same temperature and same molar ratio of solvents and heavy oil, owing to the fact that more water molecules can be evaporated into the vapor phase. The binary interaction parameters (BIPs) between DME/heavy oil and CO2/DME pair, which are obtained by matching the measured saturation pressures of DME/CO2/heavy oil mixtures, work well for DME/CO2/heavy oil mixtures in the absence and presence of water. In addition, the swelling effect of heavy oil can be enhanced by adding the DME and CO2 mixtures compared with only DME or CO2. The new model developed in this work is capable of accurately reproducing the experimentally measured multiphase boundaries, SFs, and phase volumes with root-mean-squared relative errors (RMSREs) of 4.68, 0.71, and 9.35%, respectively, indicating that it can accurately provide fundamental data for simulating, designing, and optimizing the hybrid steam-solvent recovery processes for heavy oil reservoirs.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".