Xenoliths reveal a hot Moho and thin lithosphere at the Cordillera-craton boundary of western Canada
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Abstract Properties of the lithosphere control the transitions in elevation and plate deformation from hot, mobile orogenic belts to cooler, stronger cratons. The sharp, abrupt boundary of the North American Cordillera with the craton in western Canada has been suggested to be a result of recent (<50 Ma) heating and delamination of the lithosphere. To test this, we queried the fine structure in the thermal history of the mantle lithosphere approaching this transition using mantle xenolith thermobarometry. The xenoliths sampled by their host lava within ~20 km of the Cordillera-craton boundary require thinner lithosphere (by 20 km) and a hotter Moho (by 200 °C) compared to those sampled 180 km away. A hot, weak lithosphere at the boundary explains a topographic low that parallels this transition for a large length of the North American Cordillera, possibly from focused heat during edge convection. The cooling pattern of geothermometers applied to the xenoliths also suggests that any delamination event producing thinner lithosphere in the orogen is unlikely to have occurred in the past 50 m.y.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.002 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".