Semi-Analytical Method for 3D Transient Heat Transfer in Thermally Interacting Fields of Ground Heat Exchangers
Bibliographic record
Abstract
The study of heat transfer in ground heat exchangers (GHEs) considering the fluid advection inside the pipes; the heat transfer between the fluid and the ground through the grout material; and the thermal interaction between GHEs is a challenging task. The present paper presents a new semi-analytical method that takes into account the aforementioned effects to consider both the short- to long-term effects of GHEs. The heat transfer between the fluid and grout was studied by a transient multipole expansion considering time-dependent fluid temperatures and an advection model for the pipes obtained from an energy balance on the heat carrier fluid. Thermal interactions were analyzed using an equivalent borehole method while penalizing the transient multipole expansion to include thermal interaction effects. Validation of the short-term predictions was performed by comparing the proposed model to experimental data found in the literature and to an FEA model. The proposed model was then compared with a FEA model in long-term simulations of a geothermal field comprised of 24 GHEs for multi-annual simulation. The method resulted in substantial reduction in computational time while preserving good accuracy when compared with the FEA model.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".