A molecular characterization method for an apparently native ecotype of Phalaris arundinacea (Poaceae) in western Canada and Alaska
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Phalaris arundinacea L. (reed canary grass) is a widely occurring grass throughout the northern hemisphere. In north America it is thought to consist of introduced agricultural forms from Europe as well as native populations. It is likely that a \"cryptic invasion\" is progressing, with vigorous invasive biotypes ousting native occurrences, a process that is not readily recorded when the invader is conspecific with natives. We surveyed Phalaris arundinacea in western Canada using sequences of the internal transcribed spacer (ITS) of the nuclear ribosomal DNA. Two ITS ribotypes were discovered: one full length (ITS-long) and one with a seven base pair deletion (ITS-short). ITS-long plants are generally associated with anthropogenic or disturbed grassland habitats, often where commercial seed is likely to have been sown. ITS-short plants are more likely to be found in remote areas, in riparian and lacustrine habitats, and are thus candidates for native status. In addition, ITS-long plants have fixed heterozygosity indicating possible polyploidy. Phylogenetic analysis reveals that ITS-short is a unique mutation that characterizes an infraspecific clade. We designed an efficient PCR-based assay that allows sizing of a 238/245 base pair fragment in a capillary sequencer.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".