Expansion in the distribution of Pauesia silana Tremblay (Hymenoptera, Braconidae, Aphidiinae), across North Africa, a recent discovery in Tunisia
Bibliographic record
Abstract
The occurrence of Pauesia silana Tremblay, as an aphid parasitoid (Hym., Braconidae, Aphidiinae) in Tunisia is documented.The parasitoid was found in association with the Aleppo pine aphid, Cinara palaestinensis Hille Ris Lambers, infesting Pinus halepensis.Specimens were collected by the rearing of the mummified aphids from the colonies infested the pine trees in the Arboretum of the Institut Supérieur Agronomique Chott Mériem (ISA CM -Tunisia) during March-April 2021.A brief diagnosis is provided for the recorded parasitoid.This is the first record of a Pauesia species in Tunisia (out of the purposeful introduction of Pauesia antennata Mukerji).Two secondary parasitoids including Asaphes vulgaris Walker and Pachyneuron aphidis (Bouché) (Hym., Chalcidoidea, Pteromalidae) have also emerged from the mummified aphids.The known Cinara aphids and their associated parasitoids in the North African country are reviewed.Both Aleppo pine aphid and the newly detected parasitoid might be considered exotic species in North Africa, sourced from a recent accidental introduction inside the Mediterranean area, or a horizontal expansion across the North African countries.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.002 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".