FLD-SRC: Fingerprint Liveness Detection for AFIS Based on Spatial Ridges Continuity
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Automatic fingerprint identification system (AFIS) uses fingerprint to authenticate users, which is legal if the user is enrolled. However, numerous studies reveal that it is susceptible to spoofing attacks where a third person might freely synthesize counterfeit fingerprints to trick the scanner. To resist spoofing attacks, it makes fingerprint liveness detection (FLD) highly desirable. Most of previous work was to directly input the whole fingerprints into convolutional neural network, making it impossible to fully explore the relationship of spatial ridges, especially those with the latent fine-grained minutia on fingerprint ridges. Accordingly, in this paper, we exploit the relationship of spatial ridges in fingerprints and propose a novel FLD method based on spatial ridges continuity (FLD-SRC). Several fingerprint patches are first selected utilizing ridge texture saturation, and then uniformly split into several slices and thus construct the spatial continuity between pixels and between slices. Next, the proposed FLD-SRC learns deep features from fingerprints and eliminates redundant information. After that, the extracted feature maps are treated as a sequence and analyzed the intra-continuity by cascade gated recurrent unit (GRU). A discriminant slice grouping subnetwork is then developed to model the correlation between ridges slices and implicitly discover the discriminant inter-continuity. Pruning strategy is further utilized to reduce network parameters and promote its practical application in real scenarios. Experimental results, evaluated on three publicly available datasets, show the competitiveness of our method. Furthermore, in addition to reducing computational complexity, our method also shows the best ACE performance in cross-material and cross-sensor cases.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.001 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".