Acinetobacter calcoaceticus-Acinetobacter baumannii complex in animals: identification and antimicrobial resistance profile
Bibliographic record
Abstract
ABSTRACT: Acinetobacter spp. is emerging as an important human and veterinary pathogen, mostly due to intrinsic and acquired resistance to antimicrobials. Despite its public health relevance, little is known about the prevalence, role of different Acinetobacter species and antimicrobial resistance profile of animal-origin isolates. Traditional phenotypic tests may fail to discriminate Acinetobacter species, therefore molecular analyses are often required as a complementary approach. The objectives of this study were to evaluate the occurrence of strains of the Acinetobacter calcoaceticus-Acinetobacter baumannii (Acb) complex isolated from animal infections including urinary tract infections, otitis, piodermitis and pododermatitis, and its resistance profile against different antimicrobial classes, including carbapenems. All Gram-negative coccobacilli isolates were characterized by MALDI-TOF and multiplex PCR, and the disk diffusion test was used to investigate multi-drug resistance (MDR) and carbapenem resistance genes by PCR as preconized by the standard guidelines. MALDI-TOF technique identified 21 strains belonging to the Acb complex (10 A. pittii, 8 A. baumannii, 3 A. nosocomialis, 1 A. ursingii, and 1 A. venetianus). Multiplex PCR confirmed the results of MALDI-TOF for 20 strains. Eight strains (34.78%) were classified as MDR, being 50% (4/8) A. baumannii, 37.5% (3/8) A. pittii, and 12.5% (1/8) A. nosocomialis. None of the isolates presented phenotypic carbapenemase production. Considering the carbapenem resistance genes, 26.09% (6/23) of the isolates presented one or more carbapenemase genes. From these, 50% (3/6) presented only bla VIM, 33.33% (2/6) presented only blaIMP, and 16.67% (1/6) presented blaIMP e blaVIM, simultaneously. These genes were detected among A. pittii isolates mostly (66.67%, 4/6). This study provides further insights into the occurrence and resistance profile of Acinetobacter of animal origin.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".