Ethno-Religious Identity of the Second-Generation Young Migrants: The Problem of Measurement and Transformation in Modern Metropolitan Areas (on the Example of the City of Montreal)
Bibliographic record
Abstract
The paper analyzes the methodological approach used by Vsevolod Isajiw to measure ethnic and religious identity of migrants, reveals the mechanisms of formation and reconstruction of ethnic and religious identity of young secondgeneration Christian and Islamic Arab migrants in the city of Montreal build upon the study of Paul Eide. The Isaiw’s concept of ethnic identity includes subjective commitment to an ethnic group and its culture and objective processes of socialization, through which an individual becomes attached to ethnic culture and joins primary ethnic groups and ethnic structures. The scale of measurement of ethnic identity developed by the researcher reflects the conceptual differences between the subjective and objective aspects of ethnic identity and its social and cultural contexts, forming a four-by-four matrix: objective/cultural, objective/social, subjective/cultural and subjective/social components. Based on the results of the survey and in-depth interviews, the author investigates the mechanisms of the intersection of ethnic and religious identities of Arab-Canadian youth and the process of ethno-religious identity reconstruction. The conclusion is that ethnic and religious consciousness is not necessarily associated with certain levels of integration into ethnic and religious groups and networks. Ethnic identity turned out to be more stable due to socialization and cultural integration. The main methodological approaches, methods and results of foreign researchers presented in the article can be used by domestic sociologists in studying the problems of ethnic and religious identity of migrants living in Russia.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.002 | 0.003 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.002 | 0.003 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.004 | 0.005 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.003 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.002 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".