Les conflits de lois en matière contractuelle à l’épreuve de la pandémie de COVID-19
Bibliographic record
Abstract
La crise sanitaire liée à la pandémie de COVID-19 a donné lieu à une prolifération de mesures étatiques qui ont eu une incidence sur les rapports contractuels. Pour atténuer ces conséquences, plusieurs États ont prévu, au début de la crise, des exceptions temporaires au cadre juridique ordinaire régissant les contrats. En général, les interventions transitoires susceptibles d’entraver l’exécution normale des obligations se sont multipliées à des degrés divers, en fonction des vagues épidémiques. Ce texte propose une réflexion sur l’impact de ces mesures d’exception sur les contrats internationaux et les techniques de solution au conflit de lois pouvant être mobilisés pour faire face à ces enjeux.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.035 | 0.125 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.002 | 0.002 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.004 | 0.016 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.010 | 0.008 |
| Open science | 0.002 | 0.005 |
| Research integrity | 0.006 | 0.007 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.011 | 0.001 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".