Big Data Mining on Health Informatics Data for Cities
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Advancements in modern technologies has generated and collected very large volumes of data at a rapid rate. Embedded in these big data is implicit, previously unknown and potentially useful information and knowledge. This explains why big data are often considered as a new oil. Discovered knowledge may help cities to enhance performance and well-being, to reduce costs and resource consumption, and to engage more effectively and actively with its citizens. To elaborate, discovered knowledge from digital technologies may support urban and transportation analytics for smart cities. Discovered knowledge from healthcare data and disease reports may support and enhance decision or policy making for the well-being of citizens within a city. For example, analyzing and mining health informatics data—such as COVID-19 epidemiological data—for cities help decision markers get a better understanding of the disease and come up with ways to detect, control and combat the disease. It also help them prepare for the needs of their citizens (e.g., needs for hospital beds in regular wards or ICU, needs of patients of different age groups). Hence, in this paper, we present a solution for big data mining on health informatics data for cities. Specifically, we mine COVID-19 epidemiological data with spatial and demographic hierarchies capturing characteristics of COVID-19 patients. Evaluation on real-life COVID-19 data demonstrates the practicality of our solution.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.003 | 0.016 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.002 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.006 | 0.010 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.004 | 0.003 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.003 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.002 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.002 | 0.001 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".