On the Mechanisms of Variability of the Atlantic Meridional Overturning Circulation (AMOC)
Bibliographic record
Abstract
In this paper we investigate the relationship between the long-term variability of the Atlantic Meridional Overturning Circulation (AMOC) and the intensity of deep convection in the Greenland, Labrador, and Irminger seas, as well as with the intensity of wind induced upwelling in the Southern Ocean. This goal is achieved by extending the AMOC time series back to the 1950s using the AMOC ensemble index. The time variability of the intensity of deep convection over the 60-year study period is estimated using indices of deep convection, while upwelling in the Southern Ocean is estimated from the mean intensity of the divergence of Ekman transport. The contribution of each of the processes is assessed using cross-correlation and multiple regression analyses. The results suggest that during recent decades, the AMOC variations in the North Atlantic were mostly governed by the intensity of deep convection in the Irminger Sea and of upwelling in the Southern Ocean. Among these factors, the intensity of convection in the Irminger Sea has the largest impact on the observed variations in the AMOC.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".