Hearing with an Imperial Ear: Racializing the PC Band on their Tour of America in 1909
Bibliographic record
Abstract
In 1909, President-elect Taft summoned the Philippine Constabulary Band back to the United States at great expense to perform at his presidential inauguration, breaking racial decorum to emphasize his triumph in the Philippines. Afterward, they embarked on a concert tour that was attended by thousands in major concert halls before heading to the Alaska-Yukon-Pacific Exposition. Newspapers positively reviewed the Band’s musical performances while describing them in an orientalist fashion as abnormal and peculiar, for example, sensationalizing their “tribal” diversity while accentuating their uniformity in appearance. Often missing from these accounts was identification of Loving’s racial identity, an omission of the success of an African American in a leadership position. Americans’ paternalist racism towards Filipinos did not extend to African Americans, and Loving was barred from entering the White House. Black elites of Washington, DC praised Loving as a success of racial uplift. This chapter gives insight into a collaboration between Filipinos and Black Americans outside of the Philippines.
Fetched live from OpenAlex and de-inverted. Abstracts are not stored in this database: the inverted indexes are 8.6 GB of the frame’s 9.3 GB of text, and the host has 13 GB free.
How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.009 | 0.003 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.003 | 0.002 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.003 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.016 | 0.003 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".