A single‐layer circularly polarized planar lens antenna at millimetre‐wave
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Abstract This paper proposes a novel single‐layer planar lens antenna with the capability of keeping circular polarization (CP) of the incoming CP wave and enhanced gain for millimetre‐wave applications. Because of the symmetric design of the lens unit cell, a 90‐degree phase difference between two modes of the incoming CP wave can be maintained with high amplitude. Furthermore, the phase variations created by the designed unit cells change the phase of the incoming wave and result in antenna gain enhancement. Two different feeding antennas, a CP patch antenna and a 2 × 2 CP antenna array, are used as the feeding section to evaluate the performance of the proposed lens. Maximum gains of 19.2 dBiC and 23.4 dBiC with −10 dB impedance bandwidths of 3.5% and 2.9% at Ka‐band are reported for the proposed lens fed by these two CP antennas, respectively, while keeping the axial ratio value below 3 dB. The substrate material of the proposed lens design is RO4003 C with the total dimensions of 9.79 λ 0 × 9.79 λ 0 × 0.047 λ 0 (where λ 0 is the free space wavelength at 28 GHz). The measurements conducted on the fabricated prototypes agree very well with the simulation and analysis results.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".