Durability of concrete containing gypsum powder recycled from waste drywalls combined with high content of fly ash as supplementary cementing materials
Bibliographic record
Abstract
To address the negative contribution of cement production on global carbon emissions, this study aims to reduce the cement content typically required in concrete by using partial replacement by gypsum powder recycled from waste drywalls (15%) and fly ash (50%), by weight. The durability of concrete cylinders made of the mixture was evaluated by testing the cylinders in compression after exposure to various environmental conditions for 1000, 3000, and 5000 h. A total of 45 specimens under 5 exposure conditions were considered. The conditions included dry, submerged in fresh water, submerged in seawater, and two groups rotated weekly between dry and submerged in either fresh water or seawater. Overall, specimens in both freshwater and seawater conditions after 5000 h showed strength higher than control specimens. Results indicate that the strength of the concrete specimens containing recycled gypsum powder and fly ash was not adversely affected by exposure to the conditions.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".