Na Plating and Stripping Using Highly Na-Ion Conductive Solid Polymer Electrolytes Based on Polyvinylidene Fluoride and Polyvinylpyrrolidone
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Solid-state sodium-ion batteries (ss-SIBs) are a promising alternative to commercially available lithium-ion batteries (LIBs) for next-generation energy storage applications. They have lower production costs and are safer than LIBs. Moreover, sodium is more abundant than lithium. The incorporation of solid polymer electrolytes (SPEs) into SIBs has been attracting much more attention due to the easy processability, low costs, safe usability, modification scope, and abundance of polymers. However, SPEs for ss-SIBs with high ionic conductivity and low interfacial resistance between electrolytes and electrodes are lacking. In addition, SPEs face major challenges such as suitable manufacturing methods and the lack of knowledge about low-cost ss-SIBs assembly. Herein, using a facile solution casting process, we have successfully fabricated a high sodium-ion conductive composite SPE film based on polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF) polymer, polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP) binder, and NaPF6 salt. A comprehensive characterization has been conducted using X-Ray Diffraction (XRD), Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM), Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR), Thermogravimetric Analysis (TGA), Raman, and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy techniques to investigate the structural, thermal, and electrochemical performance of the as-prepared SPE films. High ionic conductivity (8.51 x 10-4 S cm-1 and 8.36 x 10-3 S cm-1 at 23°C and 78 °C, respectively) was observed from the SPE. A hybrid symmetric half-cell assembly (Na foil + 20 µL of 1 M NaClO4 in ethylene carbonate (EC) and propylene carbonate (PC) (EC: PC = 1:1) + Carbon-cloth |SPE| Carbon-cloth + 20 µL of 1 M NaClO4 in EC and PC (EC: PC = 1:1) | Na foil) showed excellent Na plating-stripping performance up to 8 mA cm-2 for 100 cycles. In addition, Na+ transfer mechanism in the composite electrolyte has been investigated using impedance and dielectric spectroscopy. The results indicate the promising applicability of SPEs in next-generation high-power rechargeable SIBs.
Fetched live from OpenAlex and de-inverted. Abstracts are not stored in this database: the inverted indexes are 8.6 GB of the frame’s 9.3 GB of text, and the host has 13 GB free.
How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.001 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".