Bibliographic record
Abstract
When the global financial crisis hit in 2008, its immediate policy aftermath destabilized several decades of neoliberal spending restraint through widespread banking sector support and economic stimulus. More familiar elements of the neoliberal policy package would not be suppressed for long, and austerity soon followed through a number of measures affecting public sector spending and discourse, staff and agencies, labour market flexibilization and programme restructuring. Necessary to the needs of capital as a bout of state activism had been, its continuation was to be avoided. The resumption of austerity was painful for many, creating vulnerabilities and exacerbating problems for already precarious communities. A crisis of capital soon transformed into more debt for households, less generous social programmes, enhanced precarity for women, youth and immigrants, and discipline for labour generally. There is an undeniable class component to austerity in its many guises, interwoven with social disparities of all sorts. Austerity is multi-faceted, as are national experiences. For some countries, like Ireland and Spain, restraint and retrenchment emerged in 2010 in the context of serious structural issues for budgets and labour markets; they too, along with Denmark, had equally to deal with banking sector collapse. Elsewhere, countries like Canada escaped the worst of the initial crisis only to face deep cyclical downturn owing to an international credit crunch and export market-induced recession. Whatever the combination, the 2008 crisis is an important origin story for the past decade of austerity. It is not the only origin story, however. Often austerity was launched where the crisis was comparatively mild (Canada), or where similar plans had been in place for some time (Ireland, Denmark), and austerity reforms were incongruent with the actual experience or cause of the crisis (Canada, Ireland, Denmark, Spain).
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.007 | 0.025 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.007 | 0.012 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.015 | 0.019 |
| Open science | 0.003 | 0.009 |
| Research integrity | 0.011 | 0.024 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.055 | 0.020 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".