Introduction to the special issue
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Introduction to the special issueIn the past two decades, there have been growing complexities in regulatory governance, owing much to the rapid difficulty of regulatory regimes from industrialized countries to developing economies and the ever-expanding scope of regulation in different sectors.In this special issue, articles discuss the regulatory approaches, frameworks, and environment under various themes and topics.In term of regulatory approaches, a focus on national styles has gradually shifted to a focus on local levels, all the way down to street-level regulations.Together with the emergence of ideas of value co-creation, more complexities have been added to existing dialogues between the legalistic and co-operative/voluntary paradigms.As for compliance strategies, regulated entities, particularly enterprises, have moved from a preoccupation with the choice between compliance and evasion to considering beyond compliance as part of broader strategies for gaining competitive advantages and business innovation.As more developing and emerging countries have adopted their own regulatory regimes under diverse national circumstances, new theoretical frameworks are needed to account for how cross-national variations affect emerging issues in regulatory governance.Besides complexities, new sectors (e.g., information technology and the internet) have emerged that call for some forms of government or self-initiated regulation.These newly emergent sectors often involve problems that are distinctly different from those in the traditional sectors (e.g., environmental, education, and financial).Even within the traditional sectors, changes have been emerging given, for example, the rise of new technologies.Adding to these nation-based complexities is the globalization of regulatory governance, as the international community has steadily developed into a single regulatory regime, giving rise to the need to reconcile the regulatory norms in different parts of the world.These developments have generated new excitement and revised agenda to existing regulatory research with greater demand for both theoretical advancement and empirical-based problem-solving.It was under the above-mentioned background that the Department of Government and Public Administration and the Hong Kong Institute of Asia-Pacific Studies at The Chinese University of Hong Kong jointly organized the "International Conference on Unpacking the Complexity of Regulatory Governance in a Globalizing World" in Hong Kong with support from the Standing Group on regulatory governance of the European Consortium for Political Research (ECPR) between 4-6 July 2019.This conference featured academic debates in key regulation and compliance issues with global significance.In particular, it has inspired
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.005 | 0.016 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.002 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.003 | 0.002 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.005 | 0.002 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.003 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.011 | 0.006 |
| Open science | 0.002 | 0.005 |
| Research integrity | 0.010 | 0.008 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.319 | 0.174 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".