Discovery of planetary nebulae in NGC 4214 using SITELLE
Bibliographic record
Abstract
We present data taken with the imaging Fourier transform spectrograph SITELLE, at the Canada-France-Hawaii Telescope, of the nearby dwarf starburst galaxy NGC 4214. From these data, we identify 18 new planetary nebula candidates in the outer part of the galaxy. For each planetary nebula, we provide the flux of the strong emission lines, the [Oiii]λλ5007,4959 Hα and Hβ, as well as the radial velocity. We also provide the kinematics for 13 of the 17 planetary nebulae previously discovered in the central part of the galaxy with HST data by Dopita et al. (2010). We present a novative technique to obtain accurate velocity measurement for objects with [Oiii] emission but without Hα emission with SITELLE. We use the [Oiii] emission line luminosity function of the planetary nebulae to establish a new velocity-independent distance for the galaxy. This method gives a distance D = 3.31+0.20 −0.27 Mpc for NGC 4214.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.003 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".