Invasive Aedes japonicus mosquitoes dominate the Aedes fauna collected with gravid traps inWooster, northeastern Ohio, USA
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Abstract Aedes japonicus (Diptera: Culicidae), or the Asian rock pool mosquito, is an invasive mosquito in Europe and America. It was first detected outside of Asia in 1990 in Oceania. It has since expanded to North America and Europe in 1998 and 2000, respectively. International sale of used tires and the ability of the mosquito to tolerate low temperatures and colonize several biotopes have contributed to its expansion. Even though it is classified as a secondary vector of pathogens, it is competent to several arboviruses and filarial worms, and it is contributing to the transmission of La Crosse virus (LACV) and West Nile virus (WNV). In addition, in some areas, Ae. japonicus outcompetes primary vectors of arboviruses such as Culex species, suggesting that an increase in its density and distribution may represent a major threat to public health. In this study, CDC light, BG-sentinel, and gravid traps were used to collect Ae. japonicus between June and October 2021, in Wooster, Northeastern Ohio, USA. We sequenced a region of the COI gene and performed a phylogenetic analysis to confirm the identity of the collected mosquitos. Our results revealed that (adult) Ae. japonicus mosquitoes were the most abundant mosquito species collected with gravid traps in Wooster in 2021, confirming its establishment in Ohio. All morphologically identified Ae. japonicus were molecularly confirmed, with several showing 100% nucleotide similarity with Ae. japonicus collected in Iowa (USA), and Canada. Its presence may increase the risk of future arbovirus outbreaks. This study stresses the importance of actively monitoring the density and distribution of all members of the Ae. japonicus complex.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".