Content Validity Index: An Application of Validating CIPP Instrument for Programme Evaluation
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Validation is crucial in ensuring that the results obtained are reliable in addressing the problem of a study. The objective of this paper is to discuss on the use of Content Validity Index (CVI) to validate the instrument constructed based on the Context, Input, Process, and Product (CIPP) model that is used to evaluate an educational programme. Five content experts were consulted, and by using the Expert Panel Rating Sheet (EPRS), their responses were further calculated through item-level CVI (ICVI) and scale level CVI (S-CVI) method. The result yielded an acceptable level of validity where five percent of the items from the survey were either omitted or modified while 90 percent were maintained. Self-administered questionnaires were next distributed online to students, lecturers, graduates and employers for pilot testing and achieved a high level of the alpha coefficient, which translated to high reliability. The final result indicated that the instrument was valid and reliable to be used for programme evaluation in educational studies.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.082 | 0.188 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.002 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.007 | 0.007 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.002 | 0.002 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.002 | 0.003 |
| Open science | 0.002 | 0.003 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.002 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.003 | 0.001 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".