Production and Reserves of the World's Leading Publicly Traded Oil and Gas Corporations
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Subject. The article considers the production and proved reserves of the twenty five leading publicly traded oil and gas companies from 2006 through 2018. Objectives. The aim of the study is to determine the current level of values of the production and proved reserves of leading publicly traded oil and gas companies, as well as to identify key trends in their changes during the study period, to establish the factors that led to the changes. Methods. The study rests on methods of comparative and financial-economic analysis, as well as generalization of materials of consolidated income statements. Results. The paper established a practically commensurate growth in the production of liquid hydrocarbons and natural gas. It determined that most of the total production fell on liquid hydrocarbons. There was an increase in proved reserves, and the component of liquid hydrocarbons gradually reached almost two-thirds in the structure. The growth in the production of liquid hydrocarbons and natural gas outpaced the growth of the corresponding proved reserves in terms of its pace at the level of the world's leading publicly traded oil and gas corporations, and, therefore, there was a general decrease in the level of reserves to production ratio of companies. The indicators of proved reserves to production ratio inherent in the stock market sector of the oil and gas industry are mainly from 10 to 15 years. Therefore, the specified time range is a guideline in assessing the value of proved reserves life of liquid hydrocarbons and natural gas of publicly traded oil and gas corporations. It was determined that the largest publicly traded oil and gas corporations from Russia and Canada managed to strengthen their position in terms of operating indicators in the industry. The situation with production and proven reserves has become noticeably worse for most independent companies from the United States and corporations from China. Conclusions. It becomes difficult for most independent companies to maintain an acceptable level of proved reserves to production ratio in the face of increasing production by leading oil and gas corporations at current prices for raw materials.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.003 | 0.002 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".