Proprioceptive Observer Design for Speed Estimation in Automated Driving Systems
Why this work is in the frame
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Bibliographic record
Abstract
A state observer, robust to road surface conditions, is designed to estimate the longitudinal speed (and slip) which is essential for controls and safety-critical decision making in autonomous driving. The novel approach estimates slip at each wheel, and can be integrated with the existing visual-inertial navigation systems. The wheel-level observer, which uses proprioceptive sensor data, fuses vehicle kinematic states, tire internal states, and the wheel dynamics to estimate the speed at each tire, without any information of the road surface friction or global navigation satellite systems (GNSS). Then, a wheel-vehicle dynamical model, which augments estimates at each tire with the vehicle dynamics, is developed to design an integrated slip-aware framework for speed estimation. The stability of the augmented error dynamics is studied and the mean square estimation error is proved to be uniformly bounded. Experimental tests have been conducted to validate the proposed framework in pure- and combined-slip driving scenarios on various surface friction conditions. As confirmed by several road experiments, the designed observer provides consistent and accurate speed (and slip) estimates at each tire for high-slip scenarios, which are essential for safe navigation, motion planning, and path following in automated driving systems.
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Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from it