The Coming Age of Pnictide and Chalcogenide Ternary Crystals in the Terahertz Frequency Regime
Bibliographic record
Abstract
The last decade has witnessed explosive growth in terahertz radiation fields, ranging from fundamental research to applications. This progress has been marked by the introduction of various terahertz radiation sources and detectors. Here, we review the progress of nonlinear pnictide and chalcogenide ternary crystals for use in the terahertz frequency regime. At the center of this topical review are the various physical and optical properties of numerous emerging pnictide and chalcogenide nonlinear crystals, which are anchored to state-of-the-art coherent terahertz radiation sources based on optical rectification and difference frequency generation, as well as terahertz radiation phase-resolved detectors based on electro-optic sampling. This review aims to provide the foundation necessary to continue advancing pnictide and chalcogenide ternary crystals for the generation, detection, and manipulation of terahertz radiation.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".