Increasing influence of Canadian anthropogenic and the Great Lakes Region shipment SO<sub>2</sub> emission on ultrafine particle number concentrations in New York State
Why this work is in the frame
A frame that forgets how it found something cannot be audited. These are the routes that admitted this work.
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Abstract The adverse health effects of exposure to high levels of ultrafine particulate number concentration have been widely reported. New York State (NYS) borders southeastern Canada and the Great Lakes Region and is influenced by air pollutants from these upwind source regions. Through comparison of observed and simulated CN10 (condensation nuclei >10 nm) at rural and remote sites in NYS, we show that Canadian anthropogenic and the Great Lakes Regions shipment SO 2 emission (CAGLESO2) significantly influenced CN10 in NYS. These emissions on average produced a 22% enhancement of CN10 in NYS in 2017, varying from 40% in Northwestern NYS to 10% in Southeastern NYS. We also found that the impact of CAGLESO2 on NYS’s CN10 in 2017 was 2.5 times higher than that in 2005 and 1.6 times higher than that in 2011, which indicated increasing influence of CAGLESO2 on CN10 in NYS over the last decade.
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Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.002 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.002 | 0.002 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from it